West Virginia vs. United States
Comparative Trends Analysis:
Gross Domestic Product Growth and Change, 1997-2022
Introduction
West Virginia vs. United States
West Virginia:
2022 GDP = $95,588M
2022 Percent of U.S. = 0.38%
U.S.:
2022 GDP = $25,462,722M
Nationally, GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is widely regarded as the foremost blue-chip barometer for tracking and calibrating the economic performance of the economy nationwide. Like its closely followed national counterpart, the GDP of the state of West Virginia is the most comprehensive measure of output of all goods and services produced by labor and property located within West Virginia. It is a market valuation of the goods and services-both private and public-produced within a state economy.
Unlike the widely and frequently reported employment and job numbers that measure labor as one of the units of input into production, GDP is a valuation of the output. Also, while State Personal Income is representative of the "purchasing power" of those that reside within a state, think of Gross Domestic Product as representative of the "producing power" of that state.
For a more detailed and technical explanation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State compiled by the Regional Product Branch of Bureau of Economic Analysis please refer to the July 2013 Survey of Current Business article, (pp. 115-120).

BEA: Definition

GDP by state is the state counterpart of the Nation's gross domestic product (GDP), the Bureau's featured and most comprehensive measure of U.S. economic activity. GDP by state is derived as the sum of the GDP originating in all the industries in a state.

The statistics of real GDP by state are prepared in chained (2012) dollars. Real GDP by state is an inflation-adjusted measure of each state's gross product that is based on national prices for the goods and services produced within that state. The statistics of real GDP by state and of quantity indexes with a base year of 2012 were derived by applying national chain-type price indexes to the current-dollar GDP-by-state values for the 64 detailed NAICS-based industries for 1997 forward.

The chain-type index formula that is used in the national accounts is then used to calculate the values of total real GDP by state and of real GDP by state at more aggregated industry levels. Real GDP by state may reflect a substantial volume of output that is sold to other states and regions. To the extent that a state's output is produced and sold in national markets at relatively uniform prices (or sold locally at national prices), real GDP by state captures the differences across states that reflect the relative differences in the mix of goods and services that the states produce. However, real GDP by state does not capture geographic differences in the prices of goods and services that are produced and sold locally.

United States. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Product Division.
BEA News Release (GDP by State). 2013. Web.
https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-state.

BEA: Relation of GDP by state to U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

An industry's GDP by state, or its value added, in practice, is calculated as the sum of incomes earned by labor and capital and the costs incurred in the production of goods and services. That is, it includes the wages and salaries that workers earn, the income earned by individual or joint entrepreneurs as well as by corporations, and business taxes such as sales, property, and Federal excise taxes that count as a business expense.

GDP is calculated as the sum of what consumers, businesses, and government spend on final goods and services, plus investment and net foreign trade. In theory, incomes earned should equal what is spent, but due to different data sources, income earned, usually referred to as gross domestic income (GDI), does not always equal what is spent (GDP). The difference is referred to as the "statistical discrepancy."

Starting with the 2004 comprehensive revision, BEA's annual industry accounts and its GDP-by-state accounts allocate the statistical discrepancy across all private-sector industries. Therefore, the GDP-by-state statistics are now conceptually more similar to the GDP statistics in the national accounts than they had been in the past.

U.S. real GDP by state for the advance year, 2012, may differ from the Annual Industry Accounts' GDP by industry and, hence NIPA (National Income and Product Account) GDP, because of different sources and vintages of data used to estimate GDP by state and NIPA GDP. For the revised years of 2009-2011, U.S. GDP by state is nearly identical to GDP by industry except for small differences resulting from the GDP-by-state accounts' exclusion of overseas Federal military and civilian activity (because it cannot be attributed to a particular state). The GDP-by-industry statistics are identical to those from the 2012 annual revision of the NIPAs, released in July 2012. However, because of revisions since July 2012, GDP in the NIPAs may differ from U.S. GDP by state.

United States. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Product Division.
BEA News Release (GDP by State). 2013. Web.
https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-state.

West Virginia Gross Domestic Product, 1998-2022
Current vs. Chained 2012 Dollars (Millions)
West Virginia Gross Domestic Product, 1998-2022
Current vs. Chained 2012 Dollars (Millions)
Figure 1.
Figure 1 depicts West Virginia's annual gross domestic product over 1998-2022 in current and constant (chained 2012) dollars. Constant dollar measurements remove the effects of inflation. They allow for comparison of changes in the real total good and services output of West Virginia over time.
When measured in current dollars, West Virginia's GDP increased 138.88%, from $40,015M in 1998 to $95,588M in 2022. When measured in constant 2012 dollars to adjust for inflation, it advanced 19.73%, from $59,847M in 1998 to $71,652M in 2022.
Real Gross Domestic Product Indices (1997=100): 1997-2022
Real Gross Domestic Product Indices (1997=100): 1997-2022
Figure 2.
Figure 2 shows West Virginia's real gross domestic product growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's real gross domestic product in 1997 as a base figure of 100, and the real gross domestic products in later years as a percentage of the 1997 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in real gross domestic product growth between regions that may differ vastly in size.
West Virginia's overall real GDP growth was 21.58% over 1997-2022 trailed the United States' increase of 73.60%.
Gross Domestic Product as a Percent of the United States Total: 1997-2022
Gross Domestic Product as a Percent of the United States Total: 1997-2022
Figure 3.
Another interesting and insightful way of comparing the gross domestic product growth of West Virginia is to compare its individual percentage contributions to the United States' total gross domestic product over time, as shown in Figure 3. A rising share means a region's gross domestic product grew faster, or declined less, than the United States' gross domestic product, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly.
In 1997, West Virginia's GDP comprised 0.45% of the United States' GDP, while in 2022 it comprised 0.38% thereby yielding a -0.08% share-shift.
   
 
Gross Domestic Product Share-Shift
2022 vs. 1997
 
Share-
Shift*
 
2022
vs.
1997
-0.08%
=
0.38%
-
0.45%
 
   
West Virginia Real Gross Domestic Product:
Annual Percent Change, 1998-2022
West Virginia Real Gross Domestic Product:
Annual Percent Change, 1998-2022
Figure 4.
Figure 4 displays the short-run pattern of West Virginia's real gross domestic product growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1998-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 25-year period is also illustrated on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average.
On average, West Virginia's real GDP grew at an annual rate of 0.79% over 1998-2022. The state posted its highest growth in 1999 (3.24%) and posted its lowest growth in 2020 (-3.01%). In 2022, West Virginia's real GDP grew by 0.43%
West Virginia Real Gross Domestic Product:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1998-2022
West Virginia Real Gross Domestic Product:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1998-2022
Figure 5.
Figure 5 again illustrates the annual percent change in West Virginia's real gross domestic product since 1998, but this time they are overlayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022.
During the 2000s, West Virginia's annual real GDP growth rate averaged 1.00%. It averaged 0.64% throughout the 2010s, -0.43% thus far this decade (2020-2022).
Real Gross Domestic Product Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Real Gross Domestic Product Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Figure 6.
Figure 6 compares the decade average growth rates for West Virginia noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for the nation.
Relative to nationwide real gross domestic product growth trends, West Virginia fell below the nation during the 2000s (1.00% vs. 1.92%), fell below the nation throughout the 2010s (0.64% vs. 2.25%), and recorded underneath the nation over 2020-2022 (-0.43% vs. 1.75%).
   
 
Real* Gross Domestic Product Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change
 
 
 
0.79
1.00
0.64
-0.43
0.43
 
2.25
1.92
2.25
1.75
2.06
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
West Virginia:
Gross Domestic Product, 1997-2022
 
1997
 
38,778
0.838
58,934
100.0
N
0.45
1998
 
40,015
0.851
59,847
101.5
1.55
0.44
1999
 
41,714
0.879
61,784
104.8
3.24
0.43
2000
 
42,496
0.877
61,666
104.6
-0.19
0.41
2001
 
43,973
0.879
61,819
104.9
0.25
0.42
2002
 
45,581
0.894
62,834
106.6
1.64
0.42
2003
 
47,040
0.898
63,146
107.1
0.50
0.41
2004
 
49,741
0.912
64,160
108.9
1.61
0.41
2005
 
53,493
0.934
65,678
111.4
2.37
0.41
2006
 
57,010
0.951
66,861
113.5
1.80
0.41
2007
 
59,274
0.954
67,119
113.9
0.39
0.41
2008
 
62,695
0.974
68,484
116.2
2.03
0.42
2009
 
63,601
0.970
68,192
115.7
-0.43
0.44
2010
 
65,999
0.983
69,154
117.3
1.41
0.44
2011
 
69,234
1.001
70,361
119.4
1.75
0.44
2012
 
70,322
1.000
70,322
119.3
-0.06
0.43
2013
 
71,482
1.003
70,550
119.7
0.32
0.42
2014
 
72,648
1.003
70,533
119.7
-0.02
0.41
2015
 
71,319
1.005
70,663
119.9
0.19
0.39
2016
 
70,924
0.996
70,011
118.8
-0.92
0.38
2017
 
74,820
1.016
71,426
121.2
2.02
0.38
2018
 
79,193
1.041
73,170
124.2
2.44
0.39
2019
 
79,326
1.033
72,633
123.2
-0.73
0.37
2020
 
76,548
1.002
70,444
119.5
-3.01
0.36
2021
 
85,434
1.015
71,343
121.1
1.28
0.37
2022
 
95,588
1.019
71,652
121.6
0.43
0.38
Source: Calculations by the United States Regional Economic Analysis Project (US-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_SA1400_2000_PN
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
United States:
Gross Domestic Product, 1997-2022
 
1997
 
8,577,552
0.709
11,529,157
100.0
N
1998
 
9,062,817
0.741
12,045,824
104.5
4.48
1999
 
9,631,172
0.777
12,623,361
109.5
4.79
2000
 
10,250,952
0.808
13,138,035
114.0
4.08
2001
 
10,581,929
0.816
13,263,417
115.0
0.95
2002
 
10,929,108
0.830
13,488,357
117.0
1.70
2003
 
11,456,450
0.853
13,865,519
120.3
2.80
2004
 
12,217,196
0.886
14,399,696
124.9
3.85
2005
 
13,039,197
0.917
14,901,269
129.2
3.48
2006
 
13,815,583
0.942
15,315,943
132.8
2.78
2007
 
14,474,228
0.961
15,623,871
135.5
2.01
2008
 
14,769,862
0.962
15,642,962
135.7
0.12
2009
 
14,478,067
0.937
15,236,262
132.2
-2.60
2010
 
15,048,970
0.963
15,648,991
135.7
2.71
2011
 
15,599,731
0.978
15,891,534
137.8
1.55
2012
 
16,253,970
1.000
16,253,970
141.0
2.28
2013
 
16,843,196
1.018
16,553,348
143.6
1.84
2014
 
17,550,687
1.042
16,932,051
146.9
2.29
2015
 
18,206,023
1.070
17,390,295
150.8
2.71
2016
 
18,695,106
1.088
17,680,274
153.4
1.67
2017
 
19,477,337
1.112
18,076,651
156.8
2.24
2018
 
20,533,058
1.145
18,609,078
161.4
2.95
2019
 
21,380,976
1.171
19,036,052
165.1
2.29
2020
 
21,060,474
1.139
18,509,143
160.5
-2.77
2021
 
23,315,081
1.206
19,609,812
170.1
5.95
2022
 
25,462,722
1.231
20,014,128
173.6
2.06
Source: Calculations by the United States Regional Economic Analysis Project (US-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_SA1400_2000_PN
 
   
Copyright © 2023. Pacific Northwest Regional Economic Analysis Project (PNREAP). All Rights Reserved.

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