North Dakota vs. United States
Comparative Trends Analysis:
Per Capita Personal Income Growth and Change, 1958-2022
Introduction
North Dakota vs. United States
North Dakota:
2022 PCI = $70,360
U.S.:
2022 PCI = $65,470
Per Capita Income (PCI) is one of the most widely used indicators for gauging the economic performance and changing fortunes of local economies. It is used as a yardstick to assess the economic well being of a region's residents and the quality of consumer markets. It serves as a barometer for calibrating the economic performance of a region over time and to judge differences in relative economic prosperity between regions. Shifting trends in local per capita income growth have important social and political ramifications and significant implications in formulating local economic development strategies and initiatives.
Data Definition:
Personal income is the income that is received by persons from all sources. It is calculated as the sum of wage and salary disbursements, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and personal current tranfer receipts, less contributions for government social insurance. This measure of income is calculated as the personal income of the residents of a given area divided by the resident population of the area. In computing per capita personal income, BEA uses the Census Bureau's annual midyear population estimates.
Personal income is measured as a flow throughout the year, while the measurement of population is at one point in mid-year. Therefore, per capita income is distorted if a significant change in population occurs during the year.
For smaller states in particular, per capita income in any given year may be exceptionally high or low for the short run because of unusual local conditions, such as a bumper crop, a catastrophe, or a major construction project as the building of a dam or nuclear power plant.
Farm incomes are notorious for being especially volatile year-to-year, owing to changing weather, commodity market conditions, and alterations in government programs. Therefore, the per capita income of farm-dependent states may exhibit sharp fluctuations over time.
The presence of large institutional populations--such as residents attending a local college or the residents of a local prison or state mental institution--can significantly lower the per capita income estimates of an area. Such results may not reflect the relative economic well being of the non-institutional population and may mislead if care is not given to their interpretation.
North Dakota Per Capita Personal Income, 1959-2022
Current vs. Constant Dollars
North Dakota Per Capita Personal Income, 1959-2022
Current vs. Constant Dollars
Figure 1.
Figure 1 depicts North Dakota's annual per capita personal income over 1959-2022 in current and constant (2017) dollars. Constant dollar measurements remove the effects of inflation. They allow for comparison of changes in the real purchasing power of North Dakota over time.
When measured in current dollars, North Dakota's per capita personal income increased 3,905.38%, from $1,757 in 1959 to $70,360 in 2022. When measured in constant 2017 dollars to adjust for inflation, it advanced 427.75%, from $11,489 in 1959 to $60,632 in 2022.
Real Per Capita Personal Income Indices (1958=100): 1958-2022
Real Per Capita Personal Income Indices (1958=100): 1958-2022
Figure 2.
Figure 2 portrays North Dakota's real per capita personal income growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's real per capita personal income in 1958 as a base figure of 100, and the real per capita personal incomes in later years as a percentage of the 1958 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in real per capita personal income growth between regions that may differ vastly in size.
North Dakota's overall real per capita personal income growth was 372.99% over 1958-2022 outpaced the United States' increase of 293.54%.
Per Capita Personal Income as a Percent of the U.S. Average: 1958-2022
Per Capita Personal Income as a Percent of the U.S. Average: 1958-2022
Figure 3.
Figure 3 depicts the trends for per capita personal income relative to the national average by tracing North Dakota per capita personal income as a percent of the national average over 1958-2022.
In 1958, North Dakota's per capita personal income amounted to 89.42% of the national average; in 2022, it approximated 107.47%.
North Dakota Real Per Capita Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change, 1959-2022
North Dakota Real Per Capita Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change, 1959-2022
Figure 4.
Figure 4 shows the short-run pattern of North Dakota's real per capita personal income growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1959-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 64-year period is also traced on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average.
On average, North Dakota's real per capita personal income grew at an annual rate of 2.83% over 1959-2022. The state recorded its highest growth in 1962 (39.42%) and posted its lowest growth in 1980 (-13.85%). In 2022, North Dakota's real per capita personal income grew by 0.30%
North Dakota Real Per Capita Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1959-2022
North Dakota Real Per Capita Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1959-2022
Figure 5.
Over the past six decades some states have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 5 again shows the annual percent change in North Dakota's real per capita personal income since 1959, but this time they are displayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022.
During the 1960s, North Dakota's annual real per capita personal income growth rate averaged 4.77%. It averaged 4.30% in the 1970s, 0.99% in the 1980s, 2.64% during the 1990s, 3.29% during the 2000s, 2.10% in the 2010s, 3.52% thus far this decade (2020-2022).
Real Per Capita Personal Income Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Real Per Capita Personal Income Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Figure 6.
Figure 6 compares the decade average growth rates for North Dakota noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for the nation.
Relative to nationwide real per capita personal income growth trends, North Dakota outperformed the nation during the 1960s (4.77% vs. 3.49%), led the nation over the 1970s (4.30% vs. 2.37%), posted below the nation throughout the 1980s (0.99% vs. 2.19%), outgained the nation throughout the 1990s (2.64% vs. 2.01%), exceeded the nation over the 2000s (3.29% vs. 1.10%), topped the nation in the 2010s (2.10% vs. 1.97%), and topped the nation over 2020-2022 (3.52% vs. 1.78%).
   
 
Real* Per Capita Personal Income Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change
 
 
 
2.83
4.77
4.30
0.99
2.64
3.29
2.10
3.52
0.30
 
2.18
3.49
2.37
2.19
2.01
1.10
1.97
1.78
-4.55
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
North Dakota:
Per Capita Personal Income, 1958-2022
 
1958
 
1,931
0.151
12,819
100.0
N
89.42
1959
 
1,757
0.153
11,489
89.6
-10.38
77.73
1960
 
1,909
0.155
12,283
95.8
6.91
82.25
1961
 
1,730
0.157
11,021
86.0
-10.28
72.62
1962
 
2,441
0.159
15,366
119.9
39.42
97.71
1963
 
2,249
0.161
13,988
109.1
-8.97
86.87
1964
 
2,220
0.163
13,612
106.2
-2.69
81.16
1965
 
2,584
0.165
15,621
121.9
14.76
88.58
1966
 
2,623
0.170
15,464
120.6
-1.00
83.69
1967
 
2,714
0.174
15,609
121.8
0.93
81.56
1968
 
2,864
0.181
15,849
123.6
1.54
79.18
1969
 
3,205
0.189
16,975
132.4
7.11
81.55
1970
 
3,397
0.198
17,187
134.1
1.25
80.93
1971
 
3,868
0.206
18,774
146.5
9.23
86.53
1972
 
4,576
0.213
21,477
167.5
14.40
94.23
1973
 
6,383
0.225
28,427
221.8
32.36
119.02
1974
 
6,304
0.248
25,427
198.4
-10.55
108.03
1975
 
6,549
0.269
24,383
190.2
-4.11
103.56
1976
 
6,357
0.283
22,435
175.0
-7.99
92.46
1977
 
6,564
0.302
21,752
169.7
-3.05
87.34
1978
 
8,235
0.323
25,513
199.0
17.29
98.55
1979
 
8,446
0.351
24,032
187.5
-5.81
91.48
1980
 
8,059
0.389
20,704
161.5
-13.85
79.14
1981
 
10,469
0.424
24,682
192.5
19.22
92.72
1982
 
11,144
0.448
24,891
194.2
0.84
92.94
1983
 
11,583
0.467
24,816
193.6
-0.30
91.20
1984
 
12,427
0.484
25,655
200.1
3.38
89.47
1985
 
12,915
0.501
25,764
201.0
0.42
87.58
1986
 
13,250
0.512
25,869
201.8
0.41
85.58
1987
 
13,773
0.528
26,084
203.5
0.83
84.87
1988
 
12,911
0.549
23,532
183.6
-9.78
74.02
1989
 
14,656
0.573
25,595
199.7
8.77
78.55
1990
 
16,084
0.598
26,907
209.9
5.13
81.98
1991
 
16,362
0.618
26,486
206.6
-1.56
81.60
1992
 
17,839
0.634
28,128
219.4
6.20
84.64
1993
 
17,991
0.650
27,679
215.9
-1.59
82.86
1994
 
19,435
0.664
29,289
228.5
5.82
86.18
1995
 
19,376
0.678
28,597
223.1
-2.36
82.18
1996
 
21,584
0.692
31,189
243.3
9.06
87.29
1997
 
21,194
0.704
30,102
234.8
-3.48
81.75
1998
 
23,286
0.710
32,813
256.0
9.01
84.70
1999
 
23,683
0.720
32,892
256.6
0.24
82.83
2000
 
25,842
0.738
35,006
273.1
6.42
84.59
2001
 
26,493
0.753
35,182
274.5
0.51
83.98
2002
 
27,197
0.763
35,649
278.1
1.33
85.52
2003
 
29,663
0.779
38,082
297.1
6.82
90.83
2004
 
29,984
0.798
37,561
293.0
-1.37
87.72
2005
 
31,731
0.821
38,637
301.4
2.86
88.96
2006
 
33,120
0.844
39,223
306.0
1.52
87.52
2007
 
36,501
0.866
42,146
328.8
7.45
92.20
2008
 
40,973
0.892
45,949
358.4
9.02
100.29
2009
 
40,186
0.889
45,192
352.5
-1.65
102.24
2010
 
44,084
0.905
48,704
379.9
7.77
108.70
2011
 
48,886
0.928
52,677
410.9
8.16
114.62
2012
 
56,077
0.945
59,320
462.8
12.61
126.77
2013
 
54,358
0.958
56,752
442.7
-4.33
122.42
2014
 
56,665
0.971
58,345
455.1
2.81
122.42
2015
 
52,981
0.973
54,452
424.8
-6.67
110.24
2016
 
51,307
0.983
52,203
407.2
-4.13
104.77
2017
 
51,839
1.000
51,839
404.4
-0.70
101.64
2018
 
55,180
1.020
54,073
421.8
4.31
103.51
2019
 
56,622
1.035
54,701
426.7
1.16
101.94
2020
 
61,091
1.046
58,385
455.5
6.73
103.28
2021
 
65,895
1.090
60,453
471.6
3.54
102.27
2022
 
70,360
1.160
60,632
473.0
0.30
107.47
Source: Calculations by the United States Regional Economic Analysis Project (US-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_SA1400_700_PN
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
United States:
Per Capita Personal Income, 1958-2022
 
1958
 
2,160
0.151
14,336
100.0
N
1959
 
2,260
0.153
14,781
103.1
3.10
1960
 
2,321
0.155
14,934
104.2
1.04
1961
 
2,383
0.157
15,177
105.9
1.63
1962
 
2,498
0.159
15,725
109.7
3.61
1963
 
2,589
0.161
16,101
112.3
2.39
1964
 
2,735
0.163
16,770
117.0
4.16
1965
 
2,918
0.165
17,636
123.0
5.16
1966
 
3,134
0.170
18,477
128.9
4.77
1967
 
3,328
0.174
19,137
133.5
3.57
1968
 
3,617
0.181
20,017
139.6
4.59
1969
 
3,931
0.189
20,816
145.2
3.99
1970
 
4,198
0.198
21,238
148.1
2.03
1971
 
4,471
0.206
21,697
151.3
2.16
1972
 
4,857
0.213
22,793
159.0
5.05
1973
 
5,363
0.225
23,883
166.6
4.78
1974
 
5,836
0.248
23,537
164.2
-1.45
1975
 
6,324
0.269
23,544
164.2
0.03
1976
 
6,875
0.283
24,265
169.3
3.07
1977
 
7,516
0.302
24,906
173.7
2.64
1978
 
8,356
0.323
25,889
180.6
3.95
1979
 
9,232
0.351
26,271
183.2
1.47
1980
 
10,184
0.389
26,160
182.5
-0.42
1981
 
11,291
0.424
26,621
185.7
1.76
1982
 
11,990
0.448
26,781
186.8
0.60
1983
 
12,701
0.467
27,210
189.8
1.61
1984
 
13,889
0.484
28,674
200.0
5.38
1985
 
14,746
0.501
29,417
205.2
2.59
1986
 
15,482
0.512
30,227
210.8
2.75
1987
 
16,228
0.528
30,733
214.4
1.67
1988
 
17,442
0.549
31,790
221.7
3.44
1989
 
18,658
0.573
32,584
227.3
2.50
1990
 
19,619
0.598
32,821
228.9
0.73
1991
 
20,050
0.618
32,457
226.4
-1.11
1992
 
21,077
0.634
33,234
231.8
2.39
1993
 
21,713
0.650
33,405
233.0
0.51
1994
 
22,552
0.664
33,986
237.1
1.74
1995
 
23,577
0.678
34,798
242.7
2.39
1996
 
24,725
0.692
35,729
249.2
2.67
1997
 
25,925
0.704
36,822
256.8
3.06
1998
 
27,493
0.710
38,740
270.2
5.21
1999
 
28,592
0.720
39,711
277.0
2.51
2000
 
30,551
0.738
41,384
288.7
4.21
2001
 
31,548
0.753
41,895
292.2
1.23
2002
 
31,801
0.763
41,684
290.8
-0.50
2003
 
32,659
0.779
41,928
292.5
0.59
2004
 
34,183
0.798
42,821
298.7
2.13
2005
 
35,669
0.821
43,432
303.0
1.43
2006
 
37,843
0.844
44,816
312.6
3.19
2007
 
39,588
0.866
45,710
318.8
1.99
2008
 
40,854
0.892
45,816
319.6
0.23
2009
 
39,307
0.889
44,204
308.3
-3.52
2010
 
40,557
0.905
44,808
312.5
1.36
2011
 
42,649
0.928
45,956
320.6
2.56
2012
 
44,237
0.945
46,795
326.4
1.83
2013
 
44,401
0.958
46,357
323.4
-0.94
2014
 
46,287
0.971
47,659
332.4
2.81
2015
 
48,060
0.973
49,394
344.5
3.64
2016
 
48,971
0.983
49,826
347.6
0.88
2017
 
51,004
1.000
51,004
355.8
2.36
2018
 
53,309
1.020
52,240
364.4
2.42
2019
 
55,547
1.035
53,662
374.3
2.72
2020
 
59,153
1.046
56,533
394.3
5.35
2021
 
64,430
1.090
59,110
412.3
4.56
2022
 
65,470
1.160
56,419
393.5
-4.55
Source: Calculations by the United States Regional Economic Analysis Project (US-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_SA1400_700_PN
 
   
Copyright © 2023. Pacific Northwest Regional Economic Analysis Project (PNREAP). All Rights Reserved.

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