South Dakota vs. United States Comparative Trends Analysis: Population Growth and Change, 1958-2023 Introduction South Dakota: 2023 Population = 919,318 2023 Percent of U.S. = 0.27% U.S.: 2023 Population = 334,914,895 Attracting and retaining people to live, work, raise a family, and retire underlies the economic vitality of any region. Population growth is both a cause--and a consequence--of economic growth. Patterns of population growth and change reflect differences among regions to attract and retain people both as producers and consumers in their economy. The following graphs offer a broad overview of trends in the pattern of population growth and change of South Dakota with comparisons to the nation at large. The data used are those compiled by the Regional Income and Product Divisions of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Population, 1958-2023 Figure 1. Figure 1 tracks South Dakota's annual population for the period 1958-2023 to illustrate population patterns over time. During this 66-year period, South Dakota's population rose from 656,000 in 1958 to 919,318 in 2023, for a net gain of 263,318, or 40.14%. NOTE: The state population totals reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) are from the Bureau of Census midyear (July 1) estimates. These estimates may differ from those prepared independently in some states by various agencies and/or universities. Population Indices (1958=100): 1958-2023 Figure 2. Figure 2 shows South Dakota's population growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's population in 1958 as a base figure of 100, and the populations in later years as a percentage of the 1958 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in population growth between regions that may differ vastly in size. South Dakota's overall population growth was 40.14% over 1958-2023 trailed the United States' increase of 92.31%. Population as a Percent of the United States Total: 1958-2023 Figure 3. Another interesting and insightful way of contrasting the population growth of South Dakota is to compare its individual percentage contributions to the United States' total population over time, as shown in Figure 3. A rising share means a region's population grew faster, or declined less, than the United States' population, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly. In 1958, South Dakota's population totaled 0.38% of the United States' population, while in 2023 it totaled 0.27% thereby yielding a -0.10% share-shift.
South Dakota Population: Annual Percent Change, 1959-2023 Figure 4. Figure 4 shows the short-run pattern of South Dakota's population growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1959-2023. The average annual percent change for the entire 65-year period is also traced on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average. On average, South Dakota's population grew at an annual rate of 0.52% over 1959-2023. The state recorded its highest growth in 1960 (2.40%) and posted its lowest growth in 1967 (-1.76%). In 2023, South Dakota's population grew by 1.04% South Dakota Population: Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1959-2023 Figure 5. Over the past six decades some states have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 5 again traces the annual percent change in South Dakota's population since 1959, but this time they are displayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2023. During the 1960s, South Dakota's annual population growth rate averaged 0.02%. It averaged 0.31% in the 1970s, 0.11% in the 1980s, 0.75% in the 1990s, 0.73% during the 2000s, 0.90% during the 2010s, 1.03% thus far this decade (2020-2023). Population Growth: Average Annual Percent Change by Decade Figure 6. Figure 6 compares the decade average growth rates for South Dakota noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for the nation. Relative to nationwide population growth trends, South Dakota trailed the nation during the 1960s (0.02% vs. 1.29%), posted below the nation in the 1970s (0.31% vs. 1.10%), lagged the nation over the 1980s (0.11% vs. 0.95%), fell below the nation in the 1990s (0.75% vs. 1.23%), fell under the nation during the 2000s (0.73% vs. 0.95%), surpassed the nation over the 2010s (0.90% vs. 0.74%), and outperformed the nation over 2020-2023 (1.03% vs. 0.35%).
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